Waqrapukara – The Hidden Gem of Cusco You Need to Discover

Waqrapukara is a hidden gem of the Inca empire, tucked away in the mountainous Cusco region in Peru. It is an ancient Inca fortress and ceremonial center of the first order, denoting immense political and religious power that has not yet been deciphered by modern man.

Due to its location, the archaeological site is less known to tourists, giving its visitors an exclusive insight into the history and architecture of the Incas as well as the tranquillity and majesty of the surrounding valley. Not only is the rock formation of Waqrapukara a treat for the eyes, but so is the panoramic view of the Apurimac canyon from atop its famous horns.

What is Waqrapukara?

Waqrapukara is an ancient Inca fortress that may have also served as a ceremonial center. The site is made up of impressive architectural structures, including walls, platforms, staircases, and terraces, all of which are embedded in a rugged and rocky environment.

The distinctive image of Waqrapukara comes from its two prominent horn-shaped peaks, which rise above the valley and can be seen from far and wide.

History and Origin of Waqrapukara

The history of Waqrapukara is relatively unknown. There are conflicting accounts of its origin, as some believe it was built by the Canchis people who were then conquered by the Incas, and others believe it was a product of the Inca civilisation during the expansion of the empire. Some studies suggest it may have served as a defensive fortress or important ceremonial site for the Inca civilization, and given its strategic location, it likely played a significant role in the defense and control of the region.

In July 2017 Waqrapukara was declared a Cultural Heritage of the Nation by the Ministry of Culture in Peru. And yet, despite its historical importance, the site was long forgotten, but has recently received attention from tourists and visitors to the region.

Location of Waqrapukara

The fortress of Waqrapukara is located in the province of Acomayo, in the Cusco region, about 130 km southeast of Cusco city. It sits at an altitude of 4,300 m / 14,108 ft, atop a mountain overlooking the Apurimac canyon. It can be reached via a 4-hour drive from Cusco followed by a 2-hour hike from the trail head at Santa Lucia, near the beautiful Pomacanchi Lagoon.

How to Get to Waqrapukara: Routes and Tips

As Waqrapukara is off the beaten path, there are multiple ways to reach it. These are the 2 main routes:

The first route is to drive from the city of Cusco to the province of Acomayo. From there you will find the trailhead in the village of Huayqui, and begin a 4-hour hike to Waqrapukara.

The second route is to drive from Cusco, passed the Pomacanchi Lagoon, to the village of Santa Lucia. From the trailhead you will need to hike for 2 hours to reach Waqrapukara.

Both routes require a moderate level of physical fitness, as they involve high-altitude hiking over uneven terrain. We recommend visitors are accompanied by a local tour guide who is familiar with the area for safety and to give additional information about the history of Waqrapukara.

Waqrapukara Location

Altitude and Climate: Preparations for the Visit

Waqrapukara is located at an altitude of 4,300 m / 14,108 ft, atop a mountain overlooking the Apurimac canyon. Due to its exposed location and altitude, the weather can be cold and windy, especially at night and in the early morning. Visitors of the site should be prepared for sudden climatic changes and bring warm, wind and rain-resistant clothing.

To avoid altitude sickness, we recommend that visitors spend a day or two acclimatising in the city of before embarking on the hike to Waqrapukara. Additionally, it is advisable to bring enough supplies, such as water and energy snacks, as there are no food services along the way.

Significance and Importance of Waqrapukara

The significance of Waqrapukara is linked to its historical role as a possible fortress and ceremonial center. Its strategic location and ‘castle like’ architecture suggest that it likely played a significant role in defense and control of the region. Its famous horn shaped rock formation can be seen from miles around.

The granite construction of Waqrapukara means that it was once a religious shrine or place of worship and ceremony for the Inca civilization. Additionally, the site offers archaeologists and visitors a glimpse into the culture that built it, and their ability to construct structures in remote and challenging locations.

Etimología: What Does Waqrapukara Mean?

The name Waqrapukara translates to ‘waqra’ meaning ‘horn’ and ‘pukara’ meaning ‘fortress’. Thus, its name means ‘Horned Fortress’ in the native Quechua language. A fitting name that gives rise to its distinctive rock formation resembling two prominent horns which define its unique character.

Historical and Cultural significance of Waqrapukara

The historical and cultural significance of Waqrapukara is based on its potential use as a defensive fortress and ceremonial center. Due to its location and design, it was likely used to control access within the surrounding region. Since its castle-like structure can be seen from far and wide, it was likely used by Inca communities as an observation point. Culturally, the site may have been used for religious rituals and ceremonies, reinforcing the Inca civilization’s connection with nature and their beloved gods.

Advice for visiting Waqrapukara

When visiting Waqrapukara, it is important to keep in mind several helpful tips to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience:

• Physical Fitness: The hike to Waqrapukara can be demanding due to the altitude and terrain. A moderate level of physical fitness is recommended, as well as being prepared for long walks.
• Appropriate Clothing and Gear: Bring suitable clothing for cold and windy weather, as well as sturdy and comfortable footwear for trekking.
• Accompaniment by Local Guides: Hire a local guide who knows the area and can provide information about the site and its surroundings.
• Acclimatization Time: Given the high altitude, acclimatizing in Cusco before embarking on the trip to Waqrapukara is essential to avoid altitude sickness.
• Basic Supplies: Bring enough water and light food, as access to services is limited.

Best Times to Visit and Why?

The most favourable time to visit Waqrapukara is during the dry season. In Cusco this period extends from May to September. During the dry season, temperatures are milder, and rainfall is minimal, reducing the risk of adverse weather conditions and making hiking easier. Try to avoid the rainy season (November to March), as the terrain can become slippery and difficult to navigate.

What to Bring: Essential Gear for the Adventure

For the visit to Waqrapukara, essential gear includes:

• Warm and windproof clothing
• Hiking shoes or boots
• Lightweight backpack to carry water and snacks
• Sunscreen and a hat to protect from the sun
• Raincoat or poncho in case of rain
• Flashlight or headlamp for low-light conditions
• First aid kit for emergencies

Guided Tours vs. Independent Exploration: Which to Choose?

Both guided tours and independent exploration have their advantages and disadvantages. With a guided tour, visitors benefit from the experience of a local guide who is familiar with the area and can provide additional historical and cultural information. This can also be useful for safety and getting assistance in case of emergencies.

On the other hand, independent exploration provides more freedom and flexibility for visitors who prefer to design their own itinerary and enjoy the place at their own pace. However, this can require more planning and preparation to ensure a safe experience.

Choosing between guided tours and independent exploration depends on personal preferences, prior experience with navigating and trekking, and comfort level whilst exploring challenging natural environments.